Fannie Mae financing is available nationwide in primary and secondary markets and is funded under the Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting Services (DUS) Program. These loans are for stabilized properties only with a minimum $750,000 loan amount with rates that can be fixed or floating. FNMA financing can be used for traditional multifamily properties, student housing, affordable housing, or independent senior living. Maximum leverage is 80% on purchases and 75% on refinances within designated areas. Loans may be recourse or non-recourse.
A Freddie Mac Loan is a type of apartment loan that is secured by a first-position mortgage on a traditional, student housing, senior housing, or affordable housing property. These mortgages may be held in the FHLMC portfolio (10% of mortgages) or sold to bond investors (90% of mortgages).
Called portfolio, wholesale or conventional apartment loans, these loans are funded by a bank or other institutionalized lender which does not securitize or sell their loans into capital markets. Because loans are not sold into the secondary market, terms may be more flexible than a securitized loan and it is typically serviced by the lender. Maximum leverage can range from 75-85% (in limited circumstances and areas). Personal guarantees are typically required, may be waived or limited on occasion, depending on the leverage and program.
The Federal Housing Authority (FHA) guarantees these mortgages under the authority of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), making them available nationwide. FHA loans are for stabilized properties that have been in operating for at least 3 years (under the 223(f) program) or for the construction of large projects (under the 221(d)(4) program) and are underwritten for 35-40 year self-amortizing loans with attractive rates. FHA multifamily mortgages can be used for traditional multifamily properties, affordable housing, or senior living. Maximum leverage is currently 83.3% on purchases and 80% on refinances with a minimum loan amount of $5 million for purchase or refinance or $25 million for construction. Because the government guarantees these loans, they are always non-recourse, except standard carve-outs.
Conduit / CMBS loans are securitized loans that are pooled and sold on the secondary market. They are available nationwide in all markets and are available for stabilized properties with a minimum $2 million loan amount. CMBS multifamily loans are typically only for traditional multifamily complexes or independent senior living communities. Maximum leverage is 75% on both purchases and refinances and loans are always non-recourse.
Insurance mortgages are a type of portfolio loan that is typically funded by a life insurance company and offer the best rates and longest terms in the industry. Although there may be some availability for secondary markets, strong primary markets are highly preferred. Minimum loan amounts may vary based on the programs, but most products have a $5-10 million loan minimum. Insurance loans are typically the best fit for low leverage, high-performing buildings that are B class or greater and no more than 15 years old.
The USDA helps create jobs and stimulates rural economies by providing financial backing for rural businesses and properties. Its primary purpose is to create and maintain employment and improve the economic climate in rural communities. USDA Loan proceeds may be used for working capital, machinery and equipment, real estate, and certain types of debt refinancing. This is achieved by expanding the lending capability of private lenders in rural areas and helping them make and service quality loans that provide lasting community benefits. This program represents a true private-public partnership.
Bridge mortgages are used for the light rehabilitation and/or stabilization of a commercial investment or owner-occupied properties. Cash flows are underwritten to pro forma numbers, but still must meet a 1.0x DSCR with the in-place cash net income. Loans are generally recourse for most programs.
The USDA helps create jobs and stimulates rural economies by providing financial backing for rural businesses and properties. Its primary purpose is to create and maintain employment and improve the economic climate in rural communities. USDA Loan proceeds may be used for working capital, machinery and equipment, real estate, and certain types of debt refinancing. This is achieved by expanding the lending capability of private lenders in rural areas and helping them make and service quality loans that provide lasting community benefits. This program represents a true private-public partnership.
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